Have you ever imagined a day when artificial intelligence surpasses human intelligence Can a machine think, learn and innovate in a way that is beyond the capacity of the human mind This question is not a matter of science fiction, but it is an urgent question that arises in light of the huge progress we are witnessing in this field, as leading experts in the field of artificial intelligence today confirm that we will reach this stage soon. Masayoshi Son, president of the technology investment giant SoftBank Group, confirmed during his participation in the Future Investment Initiative conference held in Riyadh last week that super artificial intelligence will be ten thousand times smarter than the human brain and will exist by 2035. Ilya sotskifer, chief scientist and co-founder of OpenAI, also created a team within the company a year ago to focus on the development of (secure superintelligence), but last June, he announced the establishment of a new startup company called (Safe Superintelligence (SSI), to achieve this goal, and this came one month after his departure from OpenAI. But what exactly is super artificial intelligence they are talking about Does it represent a golden opportunity to achieve significant progress in various fields, as experts have been claiming for a while, or does it represent an existential threat to humanity, as Nick Bostrom, a philosopher and artificial intelligence expert at the University of Oxford, warned a decade ago First, what is super artificial intelligence?
The term Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) refers to any intelligent system that surpasses human intelligence in all aspects, including creativity, judgment, and the ability to learn and adapt. This intelligence can take a variety of forms, from systems capable of self-learning and innovation to machines with self-awareness and the ability to understand the world around them more deeply than humans. But this definition leads us to wonder what types of artificial intelligence are and what kind we have reached so far Secondly, what types of artificial intelligence
Of the many classifications of types of artificial intelligence, the framework developed by the American computer scientist Meredith Ringel Morris and her colleagues at Google is the most clear and in-depth. They presented this framework in a research paper last year. This framework provides a precise classification of artificial intelligence capabilities, dividing them into six levels ranging from simple systems to highly advanced systems. The classification starts from the level of (no artificial intelligence), no AI, which represents simple machines like a calculator, which carry out various mathematical tasks according to previous programming, and reaches the level of (supernatural) Superhuman, which represents systems with superhuman capabilities. This classification helps us to understand the development of artificial intelligence and determine our current position in it. Here are the stages of artificial intelligence: 1-narrow-band artificial intelligence (NAI): Narrow-band artificial intelligence (NAI), is a skilled specialist in a specific field. It is designed to perform specific tasks with high accuracy and does not exceed the limits of these tasks, and learns this type of huge amounts of data, but this learning is limited to the narrow field for which it was designed. This type is the driving force behind many applications that we use daily, such as search engines, machine translation, image recognition, text analysis, and even autonomous driving, as this type of intelligence is characterized by its ability to perform routine tasks with high accuracy and speed, but it may have difficulty dealing with unexpected situations or outside the scope of its training. To illustrate this classification, Morris gives a practical example, the chess program (Deep Blue), which achieved a historic victory over the world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997, it represents an ideal example of an artificial intelligence system (narrow-band) at an ingenious level, as it works very efficiently within a specific field, namely chess, but is unable to perform other tasks. There are also some small-scale artificial intelligence models that have capabilities that currently exceed the capabilities of humans, including the alphafold model, developed by Google, which revolutionized the prediction of protein structures, and whose creators won the Nobel Prize in chemistry this year. 2-general artificial intelligence (AGI):
The term general artificial intelligence (AGI) refers to a powerful form of artificial intelligence characterized by its ability to perform a wide range of tasks, including things like learning new skills. Experts point out that the stage of general artificial intelligence is the stage when the machine will be able to perform any intellectual task that a human can do. The idea of an intelligent system capable of performing any intellectual task performed by a human seems interesting, but the reality is somewhat different, because we are still far from achieving general artificial intelligence in the full sense yet. According to Morris, large language models such as Gemini and ChatGPT represent an initial step towards achieving general artificial intelligence, but these models are still at an early stage of development, and are at an emerging level compared to human intelligence, meaning that they can perform specific tasks well, but lack the flexibility and critical thinking that humans have. This is confirmed by Yann LeCun, a French computer scientist and one of the three godfathers of artificial intelligence, who now holds the position of Chief artificial intelligence scientist at META, who believes that large linguistic models promise to be the key to general artificial intelligence, which reaches the human level in thinking and creativity, but it may take 10 years or decades to reach it, as there is no specific timeline for this development yet.
Speaking at the Hudson Forum last month, Yan Lukun said: To get to the so-called general artificial intelligence, we need machines that understand the world; machines that can remember, think logically, and plan at the level of humans. So far, the current systems that we have come up with all lack these basic capabilities, he said. 3 - super artificial intelligence (ASI):
When we get to the second type, which is the general artificial intelligence (AGI), we will proceed to the third and final type, which is the super artificial intelligence (ASI), which exceeds the capabilities of humans. This means that we are still very, very far from reaching this third type, because we have not yet reached the second type, which experts indicate will take at least 10 years to reach. But that raises an important question: Where has artificial intelligence gotten to now Third, where has artificial intelligence reached now
Determining the level of intelligence in current artificial intelligence systems is a complex and disputed issue. As Morris pointed out, this comparison requires the existence of accurate and reliable standards and metrics.